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Gelatin, a protein from animal collagen, is water-soluble. It melts when heated, gels on cooling, and finds wide use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics for its gelling and thickening properties.
Gelatin production starts with raw materials—typically animal collagen-rich parts like cattle bones or pigskins. First, these are cleaned to remove debris, fat, and non-collagenous tissues. Next, they undergo pretreatment: bones may be demineralized with acids, while skins often use alkaline solutions to break down connective tissues, loosening collagen structure. Then, extraction occurs: treated materials are simmered in hot water (60–80°C), causing collagen to dissolve into a gelatinous liquid. This liquid is filtered to remove impurities, then decolorized and deodorized. It’s concentrated by evaporating excess water, then dried (via air or vacuum) into sheets or granules, yielding final gelatin.